Disclaimer: GRESB Real Estate Assessment Scoring Document
The GRESB Real Estate Assessment Scoring Document accompanies the GRESB
Real Estate Standard and Reference Guide and is published as a standalone
document. The Scoring Document reflects the opinions of GRESB and not of
our members. The information in the Scoring Document has been provided in
good faith and is provided on an “as is” basis. We take reasonable care to
check the accuracy and completeness of the Scoring Document prior to its
publication. While we do not anticipate major changes, we reserve the right
to make modifications to the Scoring Document. We will publicly announce
any such modifications. The Scoring Document is not provided as the basis
for any professional advice or for transactional use. GRESB and its
advisors, consultants and sub‑contractors shall not be responsible or
liable for any advice given to third parties, any investment decisions or
trading or any other actions taken by you or by third parties based on
information contained in the Scoring Document. Except where stated
otherwise, GRESB is the exclusive owner of all intellectual property rights
in all the information contained in the Scoring Document.
Purpose of this Document
The 2025 GRESB Real Estate Scoring Document provides a comprehensive explanation of how individual indicators are scored within the Real Estate Assessment. It is designed to complement the Reference Guide, which outlines the specific reporting requirements for each indicator. Together, these documents help participants understand the assessment criteria, meet reporting requirements, and interpret their scores effectively.
This document is not to be used for score estimation, as it is not possible to calculate GRESB Scores in advance. For further details, refer to the guidance below.
For additional guidance on understanding the Benchmark Report insights, refer to the “How to Read Your Benchmark Report” document. Frequently asked scoring-related questions are also addressed in the FAQ document.
GRESB Scoring Model
Scoring within the GRESB Real Estate Assessment is fully automated and completed without manual intervention. The maximum score for the Real Estate Assessment is 100 points, distributed across components as follows:
Standing Investments Benchmark
- Management Component: 30 points
- Performance Component: 70 points
Development Benchmark
- Management Component: 30 points
- Development Component: 70 points
Each indicator is categorized under one of three ESG dimensions: Environmental (E), Social (S), or Governance (G). The table below shows the score breakdown for each component across these dimensions:
Component |
E (Environmental) |
S (Social) |
G (Governance) |
Management |
0% |
34% |
66% |
Performance |
89% |
11% |
0% |
Development |
73% |
21% |
6% |
In addition to the GRESB Score, the Real Estate Benchmark Report provides additional insights via the GRESB Rating. The GRESB Rating is a relative measure of an entity’s ESG performance, calculated based on the GRESB Score and its quintile position within the benchmark. Entities in the top 20% receive a 5-star rating, while those in the bottom 20% receive a 1-star rating.
Indicator Score Breakdown
Each indicator within the GRESB Real Estate Assessment is assigned a specific scoring weight. The maximum score an entity can achieve for each indicator depends on several factors, with the scoring process incorporating scoring weights and score multipliers. For details on asset-level scoring, please refer to section “Relative Scoring”.
Scoring Weights
For some indicators, scoring is based solely on the cumulative sum of the scoring weights assigned to the indicator's elements. These weights, displayed in red on the left side of each indicator, represent the allocation of total available points per indicator according to the priorities established by the GRESB Foundation, aligning with market trends and sustainability best practices.
Often times, not all elements within an indicator need to be selected to achieve full points. If the sum of weights exceeds the indicator's maximum score, the score will be capped at that maximum. The score for these indicators is determined as follows:
Indicator score = [ (Sum of scoring weights) ] × (Maximum score for the indicator)
Example: Indicator LE4 - ESG Taskforce/Committee (1 point). Each task force member type contributes a specific scoring weight; governing bodies and leadership roles hold a scoring weight of 3/8, and investment and ESG professional roles hold a scoring weight of 2/8.
If an entity chooses two governing bodies and one ESG professionals, the calculation will read as follows:
When indicators have options and sub-options, the scoring weight for each sub-option is first summed, and the resulting value is multiplied by the main fraction assigned to the main option. The final score is the cumulative sum of these weighted sub-options across all main options within the indicator, multiplied by the indicator's maximum points.
Indicator score = [ (Sum of the sub-option scoring weights for each main option) × (Main option weight for each option) ] × Maximum score for the indicator
Example: indicator SE6 - Supply chain engagement program (1.5 points). The indicator consists of three main options, each carrying an equal weight of 1/3. Within each main option, there are several sub-options, each with its own assigned weight. If an entity chooses four elements within the supply chain engagement program, four topics and two external parties to whom the requirements apply, the calculation would read as:
Multipliers
The score of other indicators is further adjusted by applying multipliers that either increase or decrease the indicator’s score. Multipliers are classified into different categories:
Validation Status:
- Evidence: If supporting evidence for indicators is fully accepted, it results in the application of the full multiplier (100%) to the indicator's score. If supporting evidence is partially accepted, it results in a reduced multiplier (50%). If the evidence is not accepted, the multiplier is set to 0, regardless of the original selection. Indicators and answers subject to manual validation are listed in Appendix 4 of the Reference Guide.
- Building Certification Schemes: Each building certification is reviewed by GRESB and assigned a specific validation status: full points (100%), partial plus (60%) and partial minus (30%). Indicators subject to this multiplier are BC1.1, BC1.2, DBC1.1 and DBC1.2.
Coverage Percentages: The coverage percentage reported is used as a multiplier to determine the assigned score. This multiplier applies to the scoring of the following indicators:
- Percentage of employees: SE1, SE2.1, SE3.2 and SE4
- Percentage of tenants: TC2.1
- Percentage of portfolio coverage: RA1, RA2 (aggregated to portfolio level), TC1 and TC3
- Percentage of projects covered: DBC1.1, DEN2.1, DEN2.2 and DSE3.1
Single Multiplier Example
For indicators with a single multiplier, the final score is calculated using the following formula:
Indicator score = [ (Sum of scoring weights) × Multiplier ] × Maximum score for the indicator
Example: Indicator LE6 - Personnel ESG Performance Targets (2 points). Each selected personnel group contributes a specific scoring weight. It is mandatory to upload evidence that supports the entity’s selections. The evidence’s validation status (i.e., accepted, partially accepted or not accepted) is associated with a scoring weight that is used as a multiplier to determine the final score. Similarly to LE4, governing bodies and leadership roles hold a scoring weight of 3/8, and investment and ESG professional roles hold a scoring weight of 2/8.
If an entity chooses one governing body and two ESG professionals, but its evidence is given a partially accepted validation status (multiplier: 0.5), the calculation would be as follows:
Multiple multipliers example:
The score of other indicators may be adjusted by several multipliers. The scoring formula can include an additional percentage multiplier before applying the validation status.
Example: Indicator and TC2.1 – Tenant satisfaction survey (1 point) is scored based on two main options: the type of survey, which contributes 2/3 of the total weight, and the metrics included in the survey, which contributes the remaining 1/3. Each of these main options contains several sub-options, such as the survey method and specific metrics, each with its own weight. The percentage of tenants covered in the survey type acts as a multiplier applied to the weight of the selected sub-option, while the weights of the sub-options within the metrics are cumulatively summed. The weighted contributions of both main options (survey type and metrics) are then added together, as explained above. The resulting score is then adjusted based on the validation status of the evidence. The final score is then multiplied by the maximum score for the indicator. In this case, the formula would read:
Indicator score: { [ ( % Multiplier * sub-option weight * Main option weight) + [ ( Sum of the sub-option scoring weights) × (Main option weight) ] * Validation status } * Maximum score for the indicator
Note that indicators with several multipliers may differ in structure, and therefore the same exact formula would not apply. For this specific case, if an entity chooses an independent third-party survey with 100% of tenants covered, which includes the Net Promoter Score metric, and whose evidence has been partially accepted (0.5), the calculation would be:
Static scoring
Some indicators are scored using static weights, meaning predefined values are used to assess a portfolio's performance. In these cases, the points assigned to an indicator are fixed based on the number of selections chosen and the corresponding multipliers, where applicable. The scoring outcome remains unaffected by the participant's relative performance compared to its benchmark group. Instead, these indicators are assessed based on whether the participant meets certain predefined criteria.
Static scoring applies to indicators that assess entity and/or group-level strategies and processes:
- Management Component: all indicators
- Performance Component: all indicators except EN1, GH1, WT1, WS1, BC1.1, BC1.2 and BC2, which may be scored using either a relative or linear approach, depending on the benchmark performance. For further details, refer to each individual indicator description.
- Development Component: all indicators except DBC1.2
These indicators can be answered with ‘Yes, ‘No’ and, in some cases, ‘Not applicable.’ From a scoring perspective, ‘Not applicable’ is treated the same way as ‘No’ and will yield 0 points.
The points per indicator subject to static scoring vary across the Real Estate Components:
- Management Component = 30 points
- Performance Component = 27.5 points (dependent upon materiality)
- Development Component = 61 points
Note that it is not possible to estimate the points obtained for indicators subject to manual validation.
Relative scoring
GRESB uses a relative scoring methodology that ensures that portfolios are evaluated fairly and encourages continual improvement. It applies to indicators reported at the asset-level either through the Asset Spreadsheet or Asset Portal: EN1 (Energy), GH1 (GHG Emissions), WT1 (Water), WS1 (Waste), BC1.1 (Building Certifications at the time of design/construction and for interior), BC1.2 (Operational Building Certifications), BC2 (Energy Ratings) and DBC1.2 (Development Building Certifications).
With this approach, scores are determined not just by the portfolio's standalone performance but by how it compares against benchmark groups of comparable properties. Benchmark groups are dynamic, and change based on the portfolio's characteristics, such as the type of property and geographical location. For example, if a portfolio has two property sub-types, e.g. Office, Corporate: Low-Rise in Germany and Residential Multi-Family: Low-Rise Multi-Family in the Netherlands, each property type will be benchmarked and scored separately against other properties with the same sectoral and geographical characteristics. Note that this is dependent upon benchmark availability: if there are not at least 20 assets from 5 distinct reporting entities, the Property Sub-Type classification and then the Country specificity will be gradually decreased.
GRESB aggregates self-reported asset-level data to a single score for each property sub-type and country in the participant’s portfolio. The final indicator score is calculated by weighing the property sub-type and country scores based on their % GAV within the portfolio. This ensures that the contribution of each property sub-type and country to the final score is proportional to its significance in the portfolio. For example, if a portfolio has two property sub-types, e.g. Office, Corporate: Low-Rise in Germany (60%) and Residential Multi-Family: Low-Rise Multi-Family in the Netherlands (40%), the performance of properties in Germany will have a greater impact on the entity’s score compared to those in the Netherlands as Germany holds a higher % GAV in the overall portfolio.
The points per indicator subject to relative scoring vary across the Real Estate Components:
- Management Component = 0 points
- Performance Component = 42.5 points
- Development Component = 9 points
For indicator-specific scoring guidance, please refer to each individual indicator description.
Additional details on aggregation methodology and calculations can be found in the Aggregation Handbook.
Note that it is not possible to estimate the points obtained for indicators subject to relative scoring, as benchmark values are proprietary GRESB data.
Additional clarifications
Open text boxes are not used for scoring purposes but are intended for additional reporting or explanatory purposes.
It is not possible to estimate the GRESB Score due to the influence of validation decisions and dynamically benchmarked indicators.
Appendix 1 - GRESB vs. ASHRAE Property Types Classification
This table shows how properties classified under the GRESB property sub-type methodology are categorized in accordance with ASHRAE’s methodology.
Note that this table can be subject to future modifications.
GRESB Property sub-type |
ASHRAE Type |
Office: Office, Corporate: Low-Rise Office |
Admin/professional office |
Office: Office, Corporate: Mid-Rise Office |
Admin/professional office |
Office: Office, Corporate: High-Rise Office |
Admin/professional office |
Office: Office, Business Park: Office, Business Park |
Admin/professional office |
Mixed use: Mixed use: Mixed Use, Office/Retail |
Mixed-use office |
Mixed use: Mixed use: Mixed Use, Office/Residential |
Mixed-use office |
Mixed use: Mixed use: Mixed Use, Office/Industrial |
Mixed-use office |
Mixed use: Mixed use: Mixed Use, Office/Other |
Mixed-use office |
Office: Office, Other: Office, Other |
Other office |
Technology/Science: Technology/Science: Laboratory/Life sciences |
Laboratory |
Industrial: Industrial: Industrial Park |
Distribution/shipping center |
Industrial: Distribution Warehouse: Industrial, Non-refrigerated Warehouse |
Nonrefrigerated warehouse |
Retail: Retail Centers: Retail, Warehouse |
Grocery store/food market |
Healthcare: Healthcare, Medical Office: Healthcare, Medical Office |
Medical office (diagnostic) |
Healthcare: Healthcare, Medical Office: Healthcare, Other |
Clinic/other outpatient health |
Industrial: Distribution Warehouse: Industrial, Refrigerated Warehouse |
Refrigerated warehouse |
Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Performing Arts |
Entertainment/culture |
Education: Education: Library |
Library |
Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Fitness Center |
Recreation |
Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Indoor Arena |
Other public assembly |
Education: Education: University |
College/university |
Education: Education: School |
High school |
Education: Education: Education, Other |
Other classroom education |
Retail: Retail, Restaurants/Bars: Retail, Restaurants/Bars |
Restaurant/cafeteria |
Healthcare: Healthcare: Healthcare Center |
Hospital/inpatient health |
Healthcare: Senior Homes: Senior Homes |
Nursing home/assisted living |
Residential: Student Housing: Student Housing |
Dormitory/fraternity/sorority |
Hotel: Hotel: Hotel |
Hotel |
Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Lodging, Leisure & Recreation: Lodging, Leisure & Recreation, Other |
Other lodging |
Retail: Retail, High Street: Retail, High Street |
Retail store |
Retail: Retail, Other: Retail, Other |
Other retail |
Retail: Retail Centers: Retail, Strip Mall |
Strip shopping mall |
Retail: Retail Centers: Retail, Lifestyle Center |
Strip shopping mall |
Retail: Retail Centers: Retail, Shopping Center |
Enclosed mall |
Residential: Retirement Living: Retirement Living |
Single-family detached |
Residential: Family Homes: Family Homes |
Single-family attached |
Residential: Residential Multi-Family: Low-Rise Multi-Family |
Apartment (in 2-to-4-unit building) |
Residential: Residential Multi-Family: Mid-Rise Multi-Family |
Apartment (in 5+ unit building) |
Residential: Residential Multi-Family: High-Rise Multi-Family |
Apartment (in 5+ unit building) |
GRESB property sub-types not listed in the table above are currently not supported under ASHRAE’s methodology. As such, assets in these sub-types may only be considered for like-for-like energy efficiency scoring, provided they meet the relevant inclusion criteria.
Appendix 2 - Scoring Document Improvements Summary
Driven largely by Member feedback, GRESB conducted a thorough review and update of the existing Scoring Document in 2025 to streamline and clarify key information. This Appendix summarizes these improvements.
Notes: Standards-related updates, driven by the GRESB Foundation, are highlighted and summarized in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 focuses on summarizing substantive updates made by GRESB to existing content. It does not include minor editorial changes.
Structure
Introduction
The new introduction offers a more detailed explanation of the GRESB scoring process compared to the previous version. It now provides a comprehensive overview of the scoring methodology, including the impact of various components such as multipliers and validation statuses on final scores. Additionally, the introduction breaks down the differences between GRESB's relative and static scoring methods, using practical examples to illustrate how asset-level indicators are benchmarked and scored.
Appendixes
Appendix 1
Following the approval by the GRESB Foundation on Energy Efficiency scoring, the purpose of this appendix is to show users a comparison of how properties are classified under the GRESB property sub-type methodology with their corresponding categories in the ASHRAE methodology, used for the new scoring methodology.
Appendix 3
The goal of this appendix is to clarify the scoring process of indicators benchmarked at the property sub-type and country level through detailed examples of how scores are calculated through the different stages (asset, property sub-type and country, and portfolio level).
Guidance
Asset-level indicators
Driven by major revisions to key indicators and the interpretation of performance metrics in 2024, GRESB has increased the level of detail, clarity and transparency in the descriptions of scoring methodologies for asset-level indicators, i.e. EN1 (energy), GH1 (GHG), WT1 (water), WS1 (waste), BC1.1 (building certifications at the time of design/construction and for interior), BC1.2 (operational building certifications) and BC2 (energy ratings).
Appendix 3 - Supplemental Scoring Examples
The examples provided in this appendix are intended for educational purposes only and have been simplified in certain instances. They are designed to illustrate key concepts and should not be regarded as definitive or exhaustive.
The scenario-based examples demonstrate the process from asset-level scoring to property sub-type scoring. Note that an additional step is required to aggregate the scores across various property sub-types and countries into a single portfolio score but has been omitted for the purpose of simplicity. This final aggregation step uses the Gross Asset Value (GAV) of each property sub-type and country within the portfolio as a weighting factor to assign a final score per indicator.
Data Coverage Scoring
Consider 10 Residential: Multi-family Mid-rise USA assets with identical square footage (GFA) and all tenant-controlled with 100% ownership. 1 asset has full data coverage (100%), 9 assets have no data coverage (0%). Here below is a recalculation of the Energy Data Coverage Score of this portfolio.
Each asset included in the property sub-type have their data coverage benchmarked and scored separately. Out of 10 assets, 1 obtains a full score considering its data coverage of 100%, and 9 assets obtain a score of 0% considering their data coverage of 0. These asset-level scores are then aggregated at property sub-type / country level using assets’ floor area and ownership as a weighting factor. This results in score achieved by the property sub-type / country of (100%*(1/10)) + (0%*(9/10)) * 8.5 = 0.85/8.5 points.
This same logic applies to the points relevant to water re-use and recycling performance.
Energy Performance
Energy efficiency
Determining eligibility for energy efficiency
The energy efficiency score is awarded to assets that meet the following criteria:
- Are classified as Standing Investments
- Have a full year (>= 355 days) of data availability
- Have vacancy rate lower than 20%
- Have an Energy Data Coverage (area x time) of 75% or more*
- Have an Energy Use Intensity (EUI) value that is lower than the corresponding threshold established by the ASHRAE Standard 100:2024**
For assets with Data Coverage (area x time) of 75% or more, the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) is calculated as:
Taking as an example an office building in Amsterdam:
# |
Country |
Property sub-type |
Floor area (m2) |
Vacancy rate |
Data Coverage (area/time) |
Energy Consumption (kWh) |
Energy Intensity (kWh/m2) |
GRESB office |
Netherlands |
Office: Corporate: High-Rise |
1,000 |
17% |
100% |
118,500 |
118.5 |
The asset’s EUI is then compared to the corresponding threshold from ASHRAE Standard 100:2024. If the energy use intensity is lower than the threshold, the asset receives a score of 2.5 points.
# |
Country |
Property sub-type |
Energy Intensity (kWh/m2) |
ASHRAE 100:2024 threshold (kWh.m2) |
Asset energy efficiency score |
GRESB office |
Netherlands |
Office: Corporate: High-Rise |
118.5 |
123.33 |
2.5 pts |
Assets that are not eligible for an Energy efficiency score are assessed based on their Like-for-like performance.
Like-For-Like
Like-for-Like data Availability
Consider an office building in the Netherlands classified as a standing investment, with 100% data coverage for two consecutive reporting years, identical gross floor area (GFA) and 100% ownership.
Since this asset meets the eligibility criteria to demonstrate the existence of a like-for-like change (refer to the Reference Guide for details on like-for-like eligibility criteria), the asset will be awarded its corresponding fraction of available points, calculated as 1 × 0.5 = 0.5 points.
Like-for-Like Performance Improvement
Step 1: Calculate the year-on-year improvement for each asset
For each sub-space (e.g., common areas, tenant spaces landlord-controlled) within an asset, the like-for-like performance improvement score is calculated if it meets the following criteria for both current and previous reporting years:
- Data Availability covers the full year (>= 355 days)
- Data Coverage is positive
- Data Coverage is the same (within 1% error threshold)
- The asset is classified as Standing Investment
Increases in energy consumption compared to last year automatically receive a score of 0 points.
Here we show an example of an office building in Amsterdam, where we assume 100% ownership, full tenant-control, and that the entire floor area is eligible for inclusion in the calculation. The LFL performance improvement for this asset is:
# |
Country |
Property sub-type |
Floor area (m2) |
LY Consumption (kWh) |
CY Consumption (kWh) |
LFL performance improvement |
GRESB office |
Netherlands |
Office: Corporate: High-Rise |
1,000 |
120,920 |
118,500 |
-2% |
Step 2: Calculate the Like-for-like Performance Improvement score at the asset level
The Like-for-like performance improvement score is calculated in comparison to the benchmark average corresponding to this asset.
# |
Country |
Property sub-type |
Floor area (m2) |
LY Consumption (kWh) |
CY Consumption (kWh) |
LFL performance improvement |
GRESB office |
Netherlands |
Office: Corporate: High-Rise |
1,000 |
-2% |
-3% |
1.2 points |
Energy performance
Step 1: Calculate the Energy Performance score for each asset
Based on their eligibility, assets receive either an Energy efficiency or a Like-for-like score, which represents their Energy Performance score.
Step 2: Calculate the Energy Performance score at the Property Sub-type and Country level
At this step, the individual energy performance scores for each asset are combined to get an overall score for each property type and country group, weighted by the ownership and total area of each asset.
Step 3: Calculate the Energy Performance score at the Portfolio level
The calculation uses the GAV of each property type and country group to weigh the final scores. Larger property sub-type and country groups will have a greater impact on the overall score.
Renewable Performance Scoring
Consider 10 Residential: Multi-family Mid-rise USA assets that with identical square footage (GFA) and 100% ownership. All assets have an identical energy consumption.
- In the prior year, 2 assets were entirely powered by renewable energy and 8 assets did not have any renewable energy.
- In the current year, one additional asset is half powered by renewable energy and 7 assets do not have any renewable energy.
Step 1: the % renewable energy is calculated for all assets for both the current year and the last year, resulting in the following values:
Last year: 100%, 100%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%.
Current year: 100%, 100%, 50%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%.
Step 2: the year-on-year improvement is calculated for all assets, resulting in the following values:
0%, 0%, 50%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%,
Step 3: asset-level year-on-year improvement values are then compared against a relevant benchmark distribution of assets within the same property sub-type and country to achieve an improvement score.
Out of the 10 assets, 1 achieves an improvement score of ~90%; 9 achieve an improvement score of 0. The performance score for each asset is then calculated by applying the above formula. For the one asset subject to a positive improvement score, the performance score is calculated as:
[((100 + p) / 200 ) * (p / 100) ] + [(100 - p) / 200] * i = [((100 + 50) / 200) * 50% ] + [(100 – 50) / 200] *90% = 0.375 + 0.225 = 0.6
As a result, the total number of points achieved by that asset in this section is 0.6 * 2 = 1.2 points. Other assets fully powered by renewable energy in the current year achieve a performance score of 2 points, and assets with no renewable energy achieve a performance score of 0.
Step 4: all asset-level performance scores are aggregated at the property sub-type / country (using assets’ floor area as a weighting factor) of (1.2p*(1/10)) + (2p*(2/10)) + (0p*(7/10)) = 0.52 points.
This same logic applies to the points relevant to water re-use and recycling performance.
Building Certification Scoring
Consider 10 Residential: Multi-family Mid-rise USA assets with identical square footage (GFA) and all with 100% ownership. 1 asset has a 4-year-old (Time Factor of 50%) operational certification scheme (indicator BC1.2) covering 100% floor area and the scheme has a Validation Status Factor of 0.6 (Partial+).
Step 1: the aggregated certified % floor area per property sub-type /country is calculated:
1 certified asset floor area / 10 total asset floor area = 10% certified floor area aggregated at Property Sub-Type and Country level .
Step 2: Validation Status and Time Factor weights are incorporated:
When incorporating the Validation Status and Time Factor, this value becomes 10%*0.6*0.5=3%
Step 3: the adjusted % floor area certified is compared to a relevant benchmark group:
This aggregated % floor area certified (incorporating Validation Status and Time Factor) is then compared against a relevant benchmark, which results in a score achieved by the scheme for the property sub-type and country of ~15% (assuming the relevant benchmark average is 20%). Considering that no other scheme was reported in this property sub-type / country, the final score received is ~15%*8.5 = 1.28 points.
The resulting score is then added with the score of BC1.1 to calculate a total BC1 score which has a maximum of 8.5 points.
The above applies separately per indicator (BC1.1 and BC1.2), where the key metric used for scoring is the percentage of floor area certified (% floor area certified).